ABSTRACT
This chapter introduces the prevalent species of camels, their genetic origin, and the reasons for their naming specificity. Then it reviews the reasons for genetic explorations, which are mainly the characterization of different breeds of camels, the use of genetic markers for identification of different traits of camel, the purpose and mechanism of production of genetically engineered products, and the use of specific markers for genetic selection, with the ultimate genetic selection of individuals with high genetic potential. The details of genetic work specifically on heat-tolerance and milk-production genes conducted in Pakistan have been provided. Further to this, the phylogenetic relationship between different Pakistani breeds and their genotyping is explored on an individual basis. Gene sequencing has also been practiced in some cases. Similar studies and explorations are explored at the global level. The focus has always been on milk production, heat tolerance, and other adaptations in camels at the global level. At the international level, the principal focus has been on African countries and reproductive patterns in camels belonging to pastoralists. At the end, different avenues that need to be explored and are open to camel biologists are provided.
