ABSTRACT
Fifteen instruments were prepared for the study, twelve of which were required to be used in all participating countries. Four of the required instruments were to be administered prior to the beginning of the study. The intent of the local control over the construction of the PRE was to increase the likelihood that the test items would correspond directly to the content and objectives actually taught in that country during the conduct of the study. The difference between these two instruments was in the focus of the observer. All observers in each country received intensive training in the use of the instruments prior to the beginning of the study. Three instruments were used to collect data at the end of the study. As a consequence of this criterion, variables that were included on self-report instruments and observational instruments were for the most part not placed in the same construct.
