ABSTRACT
Enzymes are biocatalysts involved in various chemical reactions in the biological system. They have become increasingly important these days due to their widespread acceptance in the industry, chemical laboratories, dairy products, and other disciplines. The most desirable character observed in enzymes is that unlike other catalysts in aqueous solutions, they can catalyze a reaction in mild conditions at normal temperature and pressure with very high reaction specificity, bond specificity, and optical specificity. Various kinetic properties of xanthine oxidase enzymes have been studied such as effect of pH, incubation temperature for maximum activity, incubation time, and effect of substrate (xanthine) concentration on optimal working conditions. Immobilization means physical confinement or localization of enzyme molecules. This can be done through the physical adsorption of enzymes onto water-insoluble organic or inorganic supports, the entrapment of enzymes within gel matrices or semipermeable microcapsules, and the covalent attachment of enzymes to the water-insoluble supports.
