ABSTRACT
In isolation, the production of algae fuels such as bioethanol, biohydrogen, bio-oil, or biodiesel is uneconomical due to the costs associated with nutrient supply, harvesting, and processing. Therefore, integrated, multi-product approaches will be essential to make the whole process economically viable. High-value algae products such as nutraceuticals, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, proteins, and specialty chemicals are economically viable. A biorefinery approach is essential.
Micro- and macroalgae have significant potential for sustainable biofuels and biomaterials. However, several hurdles must be overcome before commercializing this technology in the fuel market. These challenges include strain identification and improvement, efficient nutrient sourcing and utilization, effective harvesting techniques, efficient fuel extraction methods, and a biorefinery approach. Further research and development are needed to achieve fuel commercialization.
