ABSTRACT
A power system that is intended to supply usable power by means of photovoltaics is referred to as a photovoltaic system, also known as a PV system or a solar power system. It is an arrangement of several components: solar panels, which take in sunlight and transform it into electricity; a solar inverter, which converts the electric current from direct current to alternating current; mounting, cabling, and other electrical accessories, which are used to set up a functioning system; and so on. In addition to this, it might incorporate a solar tracking system in order to boost the system’s overall performance and have an incorporated battery solution because the cost of energy storage devices is anticipated to fall in the near future. Strictly speaking, a solar array consists of nothing more than a collection of solar panels, which is the visible portion of the photovoltaic (PV) system. It does not include any of the other hardware, which is commonly referred to as the balance of system (BOS). Moreover, PV systems convert light directly into electricity and should not be confused with other technologies, such as concentrated solar power or solar thermal, which are used for heating and cooling systems. These technologies range in size from small, rooftop-mounted or building-integrated systems with capacities from a few to several tens of kilowatts, to large utility-scale power stations of hundreds of megawatts. PV systems convert light directly into electricity. These days, the vast majority of PV systems are connected to the grid, while only a small percentage are off-grid or stand-alone systems [28], [29].
