ABSTRACT
This chapter presents the representation and function of transmission lines in the frequency domain. Frequency domain analysis provides a clear description of how the phase of a sine wave is related to the length and propagation velocity of a line. The Smith chart will also be introduced as it is a widely utilized visual tool for design of circuits using either lumped elements or distributed elements. Time domain analysis is intellectually clearer, the picture being forward and reverse waves propagating, reflecting, and re-reflecting. Time analysis becomes intractable as soon as we introduce reactive impedances as multiple convolutions will be required for time domain reflection analysis. The impedance Smith chart is convenient for evaluating the effect of adding components in series. The admittance chart is useful for components in parallel.
