ABSTRACT
The polarization vector https://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> P https://s3-euw1-ap-pe-df-pch-content-public-p.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/9781032646688/a7d34903-20d2-4eb3-810e-5f76137f8550/content/math9_1.tif" xmlns:xlink="https://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"/> is the dipole moment per volume from aligned atomic dipoles. The volume integral of https://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> P https://s3-euw1-ap-pe-df-pch-content-public-p.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/9781032646688/a7d34903-20d2-4eb3-810e-5f76137f8550/content/math9_2.tif" xmlns:xlink="https://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"/> gives the total dipole vector of the material, https://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> p = ∫ d v ′ P . https://s3-euw1-ap-pe-df-pch-content-public-p.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/9781032646688/a7d34903-20d2-4eb3-810e-5f76137f8550/content/math9_3.tif" xmlns:xlink="https://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"/>
