ABSTRACT
Avermectins are one of new alternatives which proved its activity towards different genera of plant parasitic nematodes. Avermectins are sub-class of natural products that consisting of a large macrocydic lactone ring which produced from metabolites of Gram-positive bacterium, Streptomyces avermectinius. The avermectins are a new class of macro-cyclic lactones derived from mycelia of the soil actinomycete, Streptomyces avermectinius (soil inhabiting which is ubiquitous in nature). These compounds were reported to be possessing insecticidal, acaricidal and nematicidal properties. Emamectin benzoate is a novel avermectin derivative which belongs to the macrocyclic lactones family. Emamectin benzoate was developed as a pesticide by Merck and Company and was classified as a second generation of avermectins which is a derivative of abamectin. Avermectins irreversibly block post-synaptic potentials at a neuromuscular junction by reducing musde-membrane resistance. Avermectins offer an outstanding alternative to any of the available synthetic pesticides as they showed excellent insecticidal, nematicidal and acaricidal action.
