ABSTRACT
This chapter is inspired by US Patent Application 20100042146, Surgical Correction of Ptosis by Polymeric Artificial Muscles. It is also inspired by patent application publication US020100042146A120100218 (https://www.pat2pdf.org" xmlns:xlink="https://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">pat2pdf.org).
A surgical procedure is described for the restoration of eyelid function in individuals suffering from ptosis or upper eyelid droop syndrome that makes a patient unable to fully raise an eyelid voluntarily. The surgical procedure includes implantation and suturing of actuated fibrous contractile and expansive artificial muscles activated by eye drops (pH), such as pH-active hydrogels of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) artificial muscles. These muscles are surgically implanted and sutured under the superior palpebral conjunctiva in a serpentine parallel configuration with respect to the tarsal (meibomian) glands of the upper eyelid and anchored to the tissues of the superior fornix.
