ABSTRACT
This chapter is inspired by the US Patent Application 20100042146, Surgical Correction of Ptosis by Polymeric Artificial Muscles. It is also inspired by the published patent application US020100042146A120100218 (https://www.pat2pdf.org" xmlns:xlink="https://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">pat2pdf.org).
A surgical procedure has been described for the restoration of eyelid function in patients suffering from ptosis or upper eyelid droop syndrome that makes a patient unable to fully raise an eyelid voluntarily. The surgical procedure includes implantation and suturing of eye-drop-activated and actuated fibrous contractile and expansive artificial muscles such as pH-active hydrogels of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) artificial muscles, which are surgically implanted and sutured under the superior palpebral conjunctiva in a serpentine parallel configuration with respect to the tarsal (meibomian) glands of the upper eyelid and anchored to the tissues of the superior fornix.
