ABSTRACT
An n vector is a column array of n numbers, denoted as a = a 1 a 2 ⋮ a n . $$ \begin{aligned} a&= \begin{matrix} a_{1} \\ a_{2} \\ \vdots \\ a_{n} \end{matrix}. \end{aligned} $$ https://s3-euw1-ap-pe-df-pch-content-public-p.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/9781315104003/8148d168-5879-4859-b112-12a134b078b9/content/math2_1.tif"/>
