ABSTRACT
In 400 BCE the Hippocrates classic referred to the plague epidemic and environmental factors influencing the occurrence of diseases. K. C. Dickinson reported that, besides a definite role of smoking, higher intake of alcohol and coffee also has some role in epidemiology of clubfoot. Clubfoot was seen in 3.1% of cases only after early amniocentesis. Genetics is a vast and highly specialized subject, but it plays a definite role in clubfoot etiology. A strong association of clubfoot incidence was found with breech presentation and younger maternal age as compared with normal births. Maternal cigarette smoking during pregnancy is the only environmental factor that has been consistently associated with clubfoot all over the world. C. A. Moore reported on data of 22,951 pregnant women with obesity alone or obesity with diabetes about the risk of congenital anomalies including clubfoot.
