ABSTRACT
Imaging is vital to the modern investigation of urinary tract disease and the spectrum of kidney abnormalities is very broad. This chapter highlights the most common and important disorders and critical topics related to imaging. Urinary tract symptoms generally fall into three categories: urine related, lump and pain related. Many radiological studies may be used to evaluate a patient with urinary tract disease, often in combination for detecting and diagnosing single or multiple conditions. Due to safety, ease of use and diagnostic information yield, the most frequent imaging technique used in initial assessment of urinary tract disease is ultrasound. There are many possible causes of haematuria, including many unrelated to the urinary tract itself such as bleeding diathesis. It is important initially to confirm by urine testing that haematuria is present, as vaginal bleeding for example can present as ‘haematuria’.
