ABSTRACT

Deoxyribonucleic acids (DNA) and ribonucleic acids (RNA), and their significant role in storage, replication, and realization of genetic information, have gained attention from various disciplines such as biology, physics, and chemistry that signify their roles in bionanotechnology. It is for these reasons that this chapter investigates the current state of biotechnology and its relation to DNA and RNA. At present, bionanotechnology is progressing continuously and is expected to be more applicable in medical sciences. Various nanostructures including the DNA and other bioinspired nanomaterials have potential use as drug carriers and vaccine adjuvants. DNA nanostructures are also applicable for analysis and diagnostic purposes. DNA origami nanotubes have been used as molecular rulers for the calibration of super-resolution microscopy.