ABSTRACT
Chapter 4 focuses on protein engineering and bionanotechnology. Different types of proteins with specific structures and functions are widely available in nature. Protein engineering is defined as the technique of designing a new enzyme or protein with specific function. Protein engineering is getting importance for two reasons: (1) to gain more information about natural proteins, which is achieved by developing new proteins with the same functionality and (2) to develop novel macromolecules to solve problems in chemical and biochemical fields. This chapter offers a detailed discussion of four classes of proteins: (1) class 1, which implies the experiment on the system that can make a successful application or has a chance to succeed by utilizing satisfactory relationship from primary sequence of information; (2) class 2, which is based on the experiments related to screening of the mutated genes from random gene pool to obtain desired proteins; (3) class 3, which is based on structure–function relationship; and (4) class 4, which is composed of experiments for improving protein characteristic by designing de novo protein.
