ABSTRACT
Whether it is renewable or nonrenewable, many different forms of energy sources are used in greenhouse operations around the world. Of course, it is preferable to use locally available, clean, and renewable energy sources; however, fossil fuels have always had the major share in the global primary energy consumption. Overall, fossil fuel consumption increased approximately 51% in the period of 1995–2015, and it is predicted that the consumption will increase approximately 18% more in the period of 2015–2035. It was observed that, in 1995, oil, natural gas, and coal had total primary energy consumption shares of 38%, 22%, and 26% (87% in total), respectively; and that, in 2015, they had total primary energy consumption shares of 32%, 24%, and 29% (85% in total), respectively; whereas non-fossil energy consumption in 2015 included hydroelectric 6.8%, nuclear 4.4%, wind 1.4%, solar 0.45%, and other renewables amounting to 0.89%. World energy consumption is growing, and it is predicted that, by 2035, the shares will be 29%, 25%, and 24% (78% in total), respectively, having natural gas second place after oil, and that a 7% decrease in fossil fuels share in consumption is predicted in the global primary energy consumption. Even though the share of fossil fuel consumption has decreased and is predicted to decrease further, they will continue to hold the major share in the primary energy mix in the foreseeable future as more unconventional fossil fuels are explored.
This chapter covers both renewable and non-renewable energy sources, their distributions, projections, and other relevant issues, and provides multiple numerical examples for different energy conversion processes and their emissions.
