Toxin production approaches

Dinoflagellate-generated toxins unfold a wide applicability in the health sector; however, most such molecules have not progressed beyond discovery stages because of limited availability from natural sources-and almost insurmountable difficulty to obtain via chemical synthesis, owing to their structural complexity. Laboratory cultures of dinoflagellates have also proven hard to establish, or failed to yield the intended compounds (Gallardo-Rodríguez et al. 2012a).