ABSTRACT
With the exception of two nurses in Dallas (Texas) and one in Madrid (Spain) who contracted Ebola virus disease (EVD) after exposure to infected patients from West Africa in 2014, all cases of EVD have resulted from transmission in Africa. During the 2014–2016 West African outbreaks, a small number of health care workers who had acquired the infection in Africa were transferred to treatment facilities in the United States and Europe. Through January 2015, 14 patients with EVD contracted in West Africa, plus a health care worker who acquired the infection in Spain, were treated in eight countries in Europe. The novelty of the Ebola outbreak, its spread to populated centers, and the relative lack of modern medical facilities were all factors in its unprecedented scope and magnitude. Unlike Ebola virus, Zika virus, and West Nile virus, dengue virus has long been recognized as an important human pathogen.
