ABSTRACT

A map projection is a two dimension (2-D) model whereby the curved surface of the Earth is portrayed on a flat map. On the globe, Alaska appears noticeably smaller than Brazil but on a Mercator map projection of the world, Alaska appears much larger than Brazil. A map projection is the function whereby a discrete point in the domain is given equivalent expression in the range. Important issue is that map projections can be developed by graphical construction or mathematical equations. Map projections are also categorized according to whether the projection surface is a plane, a cone, or a cylinder. A map projection flattens a portion of the Earth and allows one to perform 2-D rectangular surveying computations within a defined zone using plane Euclidean geometry. The state plane coordinate system provides a method by which the latitude/longitude positions of the national triangulation network can be represented by plane coordinates.