ABSTRACT
Biological functions are conducted and maintained by enzymes, proteinaceous materials possessed by all plant and animal life; however, all proteins are enzymes. Microorganisms provide a workable and plentiful supply of enzymes for laboratory use. The requirements for enzymic processes include cost-effectiveness of reuse or turnover and the feasibility of constituent separation or removal from the reaction media. Immobilization of an active enzyme or organism is the most prudent use of enzymic technology. The technology of enzyme immobilization has some nonfood applications in water treatment, mentioned here as an aside. The highest cathodic current was obtained using HRP adsorbed to nonplatinized activated carbon. The potential for the electrode to be applied in specific binding assays, such as immunoassays, was assessed using a biotin binding procedure based on competition with a glucose-oxidase-labelled biotin for available avidin binding sites on an immunoaffinity membrane.
