ABSTRACT
Groundwater is in continuous movement from a recharge to a discharge area in accordance with laws governing water flow in lithosphere. Groundwater movement is a dynamic process depending on the medium and the fluid properties as well as their mutual interactions, giving rise to various flow types under different geological and hydrological conditions. The static groundwater locations within the lithosphere are a result of suitable subsurface geological composition. In general, any groundwater particle moves in three dimensions within the lithosphere at any point just as an airplane in the sky. In radial flow, equipotential lines are circles whereas the flow lines are straight lines. The groundwater flow in the alluvium fills of valleys has only the longitudinal velocity component and therefore it is treated as a one-dimensional flow. Generally, in the initial phases of any groundwater flow phenomenon the type of flow is said to be laminar.
