ABSTRACT
Almost everyone has some intuitive notions about a random scalar quantity and the probabilities associated with it. A common example is the outcome of the throw of a die; the probability of a 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6 occurring on the throw is exactly the same for each possibility, called elementary or disjoint events. For a “loaded” die, some outcomes are more likely than others. If the die is thrown N times and Nj denotes the number of times of the occurrence of the jth value, it is intuitively reasonable to define the probability of the event j as () p ( j ) = lim N → ∞ N j N . https://s3-euw1-ap-pe-df-pch-content-public-p.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/9781315137667/ebc3ad23-d2ed-4b59-a8e1-8861837bea7d/content/eq2265.tif"/>
