ABSTRACT
A saturated solution is a solution of a chemical solute that is in equilibrium with the pure undissolved chemical. The solubility is the concentration of solute in a saturated solution. Aqueous solubility, C~, is commonly expressed either in terms of solute molarity (mol solute/L solution), mass concentration (g solute/L solution), or mass ratio (g solute/kg solvent). Occasionally, it is expressed in terms of solute molality (mol solute/kg solvent), mole percent (mol solute/100 mol solution), or mole fraction (mol solute/mol solution). In addition, solubility is often expressed in semiquantitative terms such as miscible or infinitely soluble ( C~ = oo ), soluble
(C~ > OJ mol!L), moderately soluble (0.1 mol/L > C~ > 0.01 mol/L), and insoluble (C~ < 0.01 mol!L). Many organic chemicals are said to be sparingly soluble in water (C~ ::; 1 giL).
