ABSTRACT
The aqueous chemistry of iron is rather complex, since this metal enters into several protolysis and oxidation-reduction reactions. Ozone, chlorine dioxide, chlorine, and potassium permanganate are feasible alternative oxidants for iron removal. This chapter recommends activated alumina is the best available technology (BAT) for removal of several inorganic constituents from water. It highlights that reverse osmosis is recommended as a BAT for removal of many of the inorganic contaminants. Laboratory jar tests were conducted for an evaluation of the softening treatment. It was found that maximum barium (Ba) removal was effected in the pH range of 9.5 to 11.5. Ion exchange is also a feasible treatment for Ba removal. Several field laboratory studies have been conducted for Ba exchange on strong and weak acid resins. The effects of conventional water treatments have been evaluated for chromium removal, although it is not expected to be a serious drinking water quality problem.
