ABSTRACT
GENE FREDERICK RAK Exxon Company, USA, Baton Rouge, Louisiana PHILIP A. SCHWEITZER, P.E. Consultant, Chester, New Jersey
INTRODUCTION
Occasionally, engineers are limited in the amount of onstream testing they can perform and, therefore, must rely on off stream testing methods. Onstream inspection tools and techniques are limited because of the inaccessibility of equipment, extreme temperatures, extreme pressures, physical shapes and configurations, and so on. This chapter addresses several tools and techniques available to the engineer to monitor equipment both onstream and off stream.
