ABSTRACT
This chapter describes several different light scattering techniques: elastic light scattering, turbidity, dynamic light scattering, phase-Doppler anemometry, light diffraction, back-scatter of light, small-angle light scattering and single-particle optical sensing. Radiation scattering measurements are indispensable for the investigation of particle interactions, particle size and size distribution, and changes of particle size and particle number as a function of time. The fiberoptic light scattering systems employ either one or two optical fibers. The systems with one optical fiber use the same optical fiber for illuminating the particles and collecting the scattered light. Doppler anemometry is based on the phase difference of the light scattered from individual particles. Back-scatter techniques are useful for measuring particles in process streams, monitoring suspension polymerization, and for the determination of aggregate size during flocculation. Small-angle neutron scattering is a useful technique for investigating the structure of dispersions and colloidal solutions.
