ABSTRACT
The smart grid appeared as the response to human energy needs, and uses a communication system, that allows improvement of electric energy conditions. A new professional curriculum is a vital element for the future electrical power industry. Different engineering topics need to be created to face the smart grid's technological obstacles. The micro-grid has advanced control systems and the smart grid includes complex decision support systems. Smart meters are part of a global plan to upgrade the world electrical grid to a smart grid, which reduces energy consumption. The smart grid is being implemented in both Canada and Mexico in order to communicate with the United States. The presence of information and communication technologies (ICT), e.g., computers, networks, programs, and data, gives flexibility and efficiency to the smart grid operation. However, the vulnerability of ICT to threats must be considered. Cyberattacks are presented all the time, so a secure smart grid should have enough protection to limit adversary access.
