ABSTRACT
This chapter is concerned with lesser known, and often less studied, differences reactions to common stressors, brain characteristics, physical strength and performance, and life expectancy. The chapter concludes with an interpretation of the observed differences. The sex differences in prenatal and neonatal mortality are also reflected later in the nonfatal consequences of disease and in the effects of environmental stressors. Common diseases that show sexual variation include coronary artery disease, diabetes, gallbladder disease, rheumatoid arthritis, and tooth decay. Altitude stress causes red blood cell production to increase more in males than in females. Males have larger brains than females, even when there is control for body size. Obvious structural differences between the sexes include pelvic size and shape, height, muscularity, and fat deposition. The ability to lose weight differs by sex; generally men lose weight more easily than women. The ability to lose weight differs by sex; generally men lose weight more easily than women.
