ABSTRACT
In a broad sense, structured lipids (SLs) are lipids that have been chemically or enzymatically modied from their natural biosynthetic form. In this denition of SLs, the scope of lipids includes triacylglycerols (TAGs) (the most common types of food lipids) as well as other types of acylglycerols, such as diacylglycerols (DAGs), monoacylglycerols (MAGs), and glycerophospholipids (phospholipids). The term “modied” means any alteration in the structure of the naturally occurring lipids. This denition includes the topics covered in Chapters 31, 32, and 34. In a narrower sense, and in many cases, SLs are specically dened as TAGs that have been modied by incorporation of new fatty acids, restructured to change the positions of fatty acids, or the fatty acid prole,
I. Introduction .......................................................................................................................... 941 A. What Are Structured Lipids? ....................................................................................... 941 B. Rationale for Structured Lipid Development ............................................................... 942
II. Production of Structured Lipids ........................................................................................... 943 A. Sources of Fatty Acids for Structured Lipid Synthesis ................................................ 943
1. Short-Chain Fatty Acids .........................................................................................944 2. Medium-Chain Fatty Acids and Triacylglycerols ..................................................944 3. Omega-6 Fatty Acids .............................................................................................946 4. Omega-3 Fatty Acids ..............................................................................................946 5. Omega-9 Fatty Acids ..............................................................................................948 6. Long-Chain Saturated Fatty Acids .........................................................................948
