ABSTRACT
This chapter provides the basics of microwave energy applications specific to biodiesel preparation and processing, and explanation of microwave effect on the chemical reactions involved in extraction and transesterification, update on process utilization and improvements, and information related to different process configurations and reactor designs available for biodiesel production. Commercial biodiesel production processes are based on either conventional or supercritical heating methods. Biodiesel is also made through esterification of free fatty acids (FFAs) derived from vegetable oils, wherein the water by-product is separated from the fatty acid methyl esters (FAME). Biodiesel production involves mixing of appropriate ratios of oil, methanol and catalysts. Lipid extraction is an important step in biodiesel production. High pressure and high temperatures are used for extracting the lipids from biofuel feedstock. Algal biodiesel production essentially involves five steps: cultivation; harvesting; extraction of lipids; transesterification; and separation of products. Biodiesel production by transesterification reaction involves glycerol formation as a byproduct.
