ABSTRACT
Many ions, which include both metals and anions, may be analyzed rapidly and with a good degree of accuracy by ion-selective electrodes. A selective-ion electrode system constitutes the two half-cells that are a sensing electrode and a reference electrode, a readout meter, and a solution containing the specific ion to be analyzed. Selective-ion electrode technology has been successfully used to analyze many common pollutant anions, metal ions, and dissolved gas molecules in wastewater, drinking water, surface and groundwater, sludges, soils, and solid wastes. Selective-ion electrodes are commercially available from Orion Research and many other manufacturers. The manufacturer's instruction manual for the use and operation of the electrodes is followed. The analysis may be performed by one of the following methods: standard calibration method, standard addition method and sample addition method. The electrode should be equipped with a readout device, such as a millivoltmeter or microprocessor.
