ABSTRACT
Obesity significantly interferes with pulmonary function by decreasing lung volumes, particularly the expiratory reserve volume (ERV) and functional residual capacity (FRC). Strength and resistance may be reduced as the result of muscle weakness, especially in those with sarcopenic obesity associated with aging. These mechanical limitations lead to inspiratory overload, which increases respiratory effort, oxygen consumption, and respiratory energy expenditure. Body fat distribution significantly influences the function of the respiratory system, likely via the direct mechanical effect of fat accumulation in the chest and abdominal regions, as well as the systemic cytokines released by visceral fat. Asthma and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) are obesity-associated diseases that involve interactions among environmental, genetic, and behavioral factors.
