ABSTRACT
Nanomaterials have been proven toxic to tissues and cell detection of nucleic acids, causing the higher oxidative stress, inflammation of cytokine production, and even cell death. The risks and toxicity by the nanoparticles (NPs) can arise during fabrication, transportation, handling, usage, waste disposal, and recycling. NP's entry by way of oral ingestion is similar to the dermal route, but the surface area of the digestive system is more than two orders of magnitude higher compared to the skin surface area. Silver NPs are one of the fastest growing products in the nanotechnology industry. Biocompatible gold NPs labeled with specific targeting biomolecules/drugs are playing a key role in the diagnosis and therapy of several incurable diseases including cancer treatment. Textiles with 30-nm-embedded NPs help in preventing the pollen from entering gaps in the fabric. The surface of damaged skin is an ineffective particle barrier, and therefore, eczema, sunburn, acne, and shaving wounds may accelerate skin uptake of NPs.
