ABSTRACT
Nature has long been using the bottom-up nanofabrication method to form self-assembled nanomaterials that are much stronger and tougher than man-made materials synthesized by top-down approach. Nature is perhaps the foremost inspiration for nanoscientists and nanotechnologist. The peacock tail feather is one of the largest and most attractive display feathers in nature. Morpho butterfly is a bright insect living in Central and South America and is famous for its brilliant blue iridescent colors, which arise from multiscale photonic structures with size range of nanometer to millimeter. Thin-film interference takes place in the keratin layers of the barbule segments and produces bright and iridescent colors that change with the angle of view. Cuttlefish possess neurally controlled, pigmented chromatophore organs that allow rapid changes in skin patterning and coloration in response to visual cues. Chameleons are a distinctive and highly specialized clade of Old World lizards, which have the ability to change colors of their different body parts.
