ABSTRACT
This chapter discusses various types of biomarkers, the processes involved, and a few related techniques suitable to quantify the radiation received by patients from occupational exposure and by the general public. It also creates a platform to perform further research in order to investigate the biological effects of radiation. Biological dosimetry is the measurement of induced biological effects of radiation in exposed individuals that can be related to the magnitude of the radiation dose received. Biological dosimetry plays a vital role when the physical dosimetry information is not available or unreliable, if the personnel dosimeter is exposed inadvertently or maliciously, or when the accidental context is unclear. Cytogenetic biomarkers are indicators of multiple chromosomal aberrations such as dicentrics, translocations, premature chromosome condensation (PCC), telomere length, micronuclei, and complex chromosomal rearrangements (CCR). CCR refers to a combination of several chromosomal aberrations, such as translocations, dicentrics, ring chromosomes, or acentric fragments in a cell.
