ABSTRACT
Tremendous amount of work has been carried out on the development of low-cost, compact, sensitive, and analyte-specific sensors. The sensors of the current decade can quantify and qualify almost all the physical, mechanical, chemical, and biological entities. The invention of first biosensor was by Leland Clark and hence he was renowned as the father of the biosensing concept. Later, during 1926–1927, Oliver Johnson introduced a gas sensor based on catalytic combustion method. The first significant work for the development of chemical sensor was reported by Arnold Backman in 1932 with the invention of modern glass electrode for sensing application, which was later commercialized. According to the type of analyte, sensors can also be classified as chemical, gas, or biosensors. An amperometric electrochemical sensor setup consists of working electrodes and a reference electrode dipped in an electrolyte. This chapter also presents an overview of the key concepts discussed in this book.
