ABSTRACT
This chapter begins with nanotechnology as a sensing platform and discusses physical, chemical, and biological methods of the synthesis of the nanostructures of different shapes. It discusses various physical, chemical, and biological methods for the synthesis of different types of metallic nanostructures varying from 0D nanostructure like nanoparticle to 3D nanostructure like nanoflower. The chapter describes various methods to synthesize Ag nanostructures. It focuses on the various physical, chemical, and biological strategies for the synthesis of gold nanostructures. The chapter condenses the nanostructured optical sensors in four subsections mainly as sensors for physical parameters, environmental and agricultural monitoring, biological applications and biomarkers, and surgical and clinical diagnostics. It discusses various methodologies for the fabrication of different metallic nanostructures. Water decontamination is a promising application of nanomaterials employing the ultrafiltration/nanoparticle-enhanced filtration activities such as nanomembranes, nanostructures with bioactivity, nanocatalysis, nano-sorbents. Platinum is the next metal lying in the category of noble metals which is costly due to its rare availability.
