ABSTRACT
Processing additives play an important role in the production of the green article. This chapter discusses the various types of additives used as aids in the forming of ceramics and their functions, namely solvents, dispersants, binders, plasticizers and other potential additives such as a lubricant, wetting agent, homogenizer, or antifoaming agent. Dispersants are divided into three main classes, based on their chemical structure: inorganic acid salts, surfactants and low to medium molecular weight polymers. Binders can be classified as inorganic or organic. The chapter describes the chemical composition of common additives and their interactions with ceramic particles. The selection of the right additives often determines the ability to form ceramic green articles with the requisite particle packing density, homogeneity, and strength. As the microstructure of the green article often has a significant effect on the sintering step, selection of the right additives can dictate the success or failure of the overall fabrication process.
