ABSTRACT
The nanotechnologies and sciences of nanostructures and nanomaterials are concerned with objects with the size from 1 nm to 100 nm. In order to compare efficiently the nanomaterials with the physical bodies and objects of the surrounding world on the basis of their size, it is possible to compare the Universe, the Earth and nanoparticles. Josephson showed that because of the special properties of the superconducting state, the probability of tunnelling is the same as for the individual electrons. The continued interest is maintained by prospects of using fullerenes in the nanoelectronics, power engineering and development of new polymers. The C60 molecule contains fragments with a fivefold symmetry which are banned by nature for inorganic compounds. In the fullerene the flat network of the hexagons is convoluted and crosslinked into a closed sphere. The main type of magnetic fluid is the fluid based on magnetite, dispersed in hydrocarbon, organic silicon oil and in water.
