ABSTRACT
The Tokugawa shogunate turned out to be an exceptional form of government in that it kept Japanese society peaceful and stable for over 265 years. The prime example of successful systems is demonstrated in the Toyota Production System (TPS), where parts flow smoothly and are transferred between processes using kanbans. The system helped to establish the Tokugawa thinking habits into a nationwide system. The strength of Toyota comes from its use of thinking habits focused on building integrated systems. Both Tokugawa and Toyota could have led the world by their innovative and unique designs of systems. Toyota distinguishes between the creation of the systems structure and the system. Toyota, therefore, is a corporation in pursuit of business management focusing on the emphasizing processes, and it differs significantly from other companies in that it utilizes a management-by-results structure. Toyota is focused on becoming a 100" recycling firm by applying environmental considerations throughout the entire demand chain, from upstream to downstream.
