ABSTRACT
This chapter deals with the properties and applications of rare earth oxides, alloys, and compounds, which might have potential uses in commercial, industrial, and military applications. The availability of rare earth elements (REE), their oxides, and alloys is strictly dependent on the mining and processing of rare earth materials. Based on comprehensive scientific research during the period from 1930 to 1955, the properties of rare earth materials and their oxides were established. Neodymium element and its oxide were first discovered in 1985. It is the most abundant rare earth material in the Earth’s crust after cerium and lanthanum. After describing the properties and applications of rare earth oxide, alloys, and compounds, the chapter focuses on the properties and applications of REEs. It is important to stress those pure or heavy rare earth materials or elements are generally used for specific industrial, military, and scientific applications.
