ABSTRACT
This chapter discusses the concepts of the relationship between chaos theory, complexity and the biological systems. It first shows why the traditional mathematical concepts that are based on Calculus are highly limited for biomedical analysis. It then introduces the fundamental concepts of chaos, complexity and self-similarity. This chapter also describes the use of fractal geometry and the differences from the traditional calculus. The chapter introduces the methods of measuring and quantifying complexity and chaotic properties using entropy and fractal dimension. Some of the commonly used methods to measure fractal properties are described and their properties examined in relation to biomedical applications; biomedical imaging and biosignal analysis.
