ABSTRACT
The supporting services of boreal forests ecosystem involve the basic structure and functioning of ecosystems: the interaction between genotypes and environment, cycling water, nutrients and carbon and maintaining biological diversity. In these limits, supporting services produce provisioning (e.g., timber, biomass, and ground water), regulating (e.g., erosion control) and cultural services (e.g., recreation values). Climate change has direct and indirect impacts on supporting services and also on provisioning and regulation services. Seppälä et al. (2009) noted that forest-based services are of global importance for human well-being, and they are vulnerable to climate change. In this context, the vulnerability is related to the pattern, magnitude and rate of climate change and climate variability: (i) how forests and forest-based functions in societies are exposed (exposure); (ii) how sensitive the forests and forest-based systems (sensitivity) are to climate change and variability; and (iii) how large adaptive capacities (resilience) forests and forest-based societies have (Seppälä et al. 2009). In boreal conditions, climate change is likely to provide benefi ts, but also various risks are likely to increase.
