ABSTRACT
The development of both Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) and Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) dates back to the same era, the 1970s. TCP/IP is a protocol stack. It consists of two different protocols, Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and Internet Protocol (IP), each of which consists of two layers. Any network message will begin with an application. The application is responsible for packaging the message together. Before the World Wide Web, File Transfer Protocol (FTP) was used extensively to allow users to move files around the Internet. FTP is based on a client–server model. The Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) message protocol allows for a variable number of parameters to be used in any of discover, offer, request, or acknowledgment phase. The original intention of Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) was that a client would enter an email message. The message would then be transferred to the client's email server.
