ABSTRACT
In the previous chapter, we have seen how telecommunication began, the basic components of a telecommunication system, how the need for expansion of telecom services drove the world to develop manual and automatic exchanges, and how they worked. Further proliferation of services led to the development of long-distance telephony for intercity, interstate, and finally international calls. The various media used for long-distance communication, the need for multiplexing, analog multiplexing principles and applications, and modern digital multiplexing technologies were discussed.
