ABSTRACT
Digital systems contain information that is represented as binary digits called bits. This chapter focuses on fixed-point binary and binary-coded decimal (BCD) operations. Since these are the dominant number representations in computers, it discusses floating point operations on computer arithmetic. The chapter presents several examples of addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division for fixed-point binary using radix complementation and for BCD number representations. It also discusses additional numerical and nonnumerical codes, weighted and nonweighted codes, and error-detecting codes. The standard binary code for alphanumeric characters is the American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII). The code uses seven bits to encode 128 characters, which include 26 uppercase letters, 26 lowercase letters, the digits 0 through 9, and 32 special characters, such as &, #, and $. Finally, the chapter briefly describes the following error detecting codes and error correcting codes: parity, Hamming code, cyclic redundancy check (CRC) code, checksum, and two-out-of-five code.
