ABSTRACT
Optoelectronic devices have been used in medical applications for years, and advancements in optoelectronics have opened up many new application areas. Optoelectronic devices consist of a light-emitting diode and photosensor. Counting of pills and other items is performed either by a person or an automated system. Protection of the patient from electronic monitoring equipment with high voltages can be achieved with the use of optocouplers/optoisolators. Infusion pumps are used for delivery of small quantities of drugs over long periods of time and for precise delivery of I. V. medication in critical medical care. Hemodialysis is the most common method used to treat advanced and permanent kidney failure. In hemodialysis, the patient’s blood is allowed to flow through a machine with a special filtration system that removes wastes and extra fluids. Intravenous injection rate can be easily controlled by a transmissive or interruptive sensor.
