ABSTRACT
The chapter considers the effects of electrical double layers at the interface between solution and colloidal surface. Thomas Graham deduced that, when suspended in solution, colloids are affected by Brownian motion to a much greater extent than any other force — their position can vary by many particle diameters in a second due to the effect of random movements of surrounding molecules. While the influence of charges on the glass surface of capillaries is important for particle manipulation using capillary electrophoresis, the most important electrified interfaces after the ones surrounding the particles are those formed across the electrodes that generate the electric field. The electric field across the center of the array varied in a mathematically predictable manner; the electric distribution follows a polynomial equation, and in fact these electrodes are often referred to as polynomial arrays.
