ABSTRACT
This chapter provides an introduction to the basic concepts and methods of applications of factor spaces. The original definition of “factor spaces” was proposed by Peizhuang Wang, he used factor spaces to explain the source of randomness and the essence of probability laws. The word “factor” is a primary term in the factor spaces theory. A factor is designated by a noun, a state by a numeral, and a characteristic by an adjective. There are two steps involved in the process of establishing a causal relationship. The first step is to find possible factors that have significant relationships with the effects, and the second step is to identify the states or characteristics of a given factor on a specified level of effects. The first step is considered as basic whereas the second step is more essential, although abstract.
