ABSTRACT
A digital-to-analog (D/A) converter (or DAC) is the circuitry to convert digital codes (parallel or series) to
continuous analog signals. An analog-to-digital (A/D) converter (ADC) is the circuitry to convert continuous
analog signals to digital codes (parallel or series) via quantization operation. A digital signal processor (DSP)
can be used in analog control systems provided it is equipped with DAC and ADC, as nearly all DSPs are in the
world market.